Investigating how proton beams form, evolve, and interact with the solar wind to uncover the mechanisms generating them.

Characterizing how helium abundance varies across solar wind conditions and solar cycles to trace the sources, acceleration, and heating of the wind.

Developing in situ diagnostics to connect solar wind structure and variability to solar sources and their role in shaping space weather at Earth.

Studying quiet-time suprathermal ion populations to reveal their origins, spectral properties, and links to solar energetic particle acceleration.

Analyzing heavy ion abundance patterns to map solar wind source regions and identify fractionation processes in different wind regimes.

Quantifying the role of Coulomb collisions in regulating ion differential flows and distribution, with implications for plasma heating and transport.

Understanding the different regions and processes on the Sun that give rise to the solar wind, from coronal holes to active regions.

Exploring the role of turbulence in the solar wind's evolution through interplanetary space.