Two panels show how the saturation point changes with hydrogen compressibility (horizontal axis).

Saturation speed and abundance shift at the compressibility boundary

What We See

Two panels show how the saturation point changes with hydrogen compressibility (horizontal axis). Panel (a) shows saturation speed: approximately constant near 428 km/s for incompressible quantiles (circles, compressibility below 0.15), then stepping up markedly for compressible quantiles (pink squares) to a maximum of 502 km/s. Panel (b) shows saturation helium abundance: roughly constant near 4.2 percent for incompressible quantiles, but non-monotonic in the compressible subset, dropping to 3.9 percent before rising to 4.13 percent at the highest compressibility. Cyan bands mark wave-activity intervals from the companion paper.

The Finding

Saturation speed increases with compressibility, stepping up sharply at the incompressible-compressible boundary near 0.15. Saturation helium abundance is approximately constant in incompressible wind but non-monotonic in compressible wind, first decreasing to a local minimum before rising at the highest compressibility. The 0.085 compressibility level (blue-edged marker) emerges as a transition between regimes, mirroring the pattern found across wave activity levels in the companion paper.

Why It Matters

This figure quantifies how the slow-to-fast wind transition depends on compressibility and provides the numerical foundation for mapping between the companion paper's wave-activity results and this paper's compressibility results. The systematic shift of the saturation point challenges the traditional view of a single dividing speed between slow and fast solar wind and suggests the transition depends on fluctuation properties.

saturation_pointsaturation_speedsaturation_abundancehydrogen_compressibilitynormalized_cross_helicityanticorrelationPaper_I_comparison

Appears In

Alterman 2026 ApJL 996 L12 · fig 11